Scaling & Data Basics

Scaling is about designing a system so that it can handle increasing users, requests, and data without becoming slow or unavailable. This section covers important foundational concepts such as vertical scaling, horizontal scaling, latency, throughput, bandwidth, load balancing, caching, database scaling, replication, and sharding. You’ll also learn how to estimate traffic, storage, and capacity while designing a system. These basics help you understand how applications grow from a small setup to systems serving millions of users. They are also essential for solving system design interview problems.